What is Hyperparathyroidism?
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where one or more of the small glands in your neck produce too much parathyroid hormone. This hormone helps control calcium levels in your body. When too much is released, calcium builds up in the blood and is pulled from your bones.
This condition is most often caused by a noncancerous growth in one of the parathyroid glands. Other causes may include gland enlargement, inherited conditions, or, rarely, cancer. Risk may be higher in postmenopausal women, people with low vitamin D, or those with a history of neck radiation or certain medications.
Symptoms
Hyperparathyroidism can affect people in different ways. Some may notice clear symptoms, while others may not feel anything at first.
Common symptoms include:
- Ongoing fatigue or low energy
- Muscle weakness or joint discomfort
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Trouble concentrating or memory changes
- Loss of appetite or stomach pain
- Mood changes, including depression
- Kidney stones
- Bone thinning or fractures over time
How is it diagnosed?
Healthcare providers typically begin with blood tests to check calcium and hormone levels. If results suggest hyperparathyroidism, additional testing may include urine calcium levels and imaging to locate any abnormal glands. In some cases, genetic testing may be recommended.
How is it treated?
Treatment depends on how severe the condition is and how it affects your health.
For mild cases, your provider may recommend regular monitoring with blood tests and bone density checks. Medications can sometimes help control calcium levels.
If the condition is more advanced or causing symptoms, surgery may be recommended to remove the affected gland. This procedure is often targeted and minimally invasive when the abnormal gland has been clearly identified.
With proper treatment, many people experience symptom improvement and a reduced risk of complications. Ongoing follow-up care helps ensure calcium levels stay balanced.
