What Is a Hip Fracture?

A hip fracture is a break in the upper part of the thigh bone near the hip joint. This injury most often happens after a fall, especially in older adults whose bones may be weakened by osteoporosis.

Hip fractures can make it difficult or impossible to stand, walk, or move the leg normally. Because these injuries can lead to serious complications, prompt medical care is important.

In older adults, a simple fall is the most common cause of a hip fracture. Younger people are more likely to experience this injury after a car accident, sports injury, or other major trauma.

Several factors can increase the risk of a hip fracture, including:

• Osteoporosis
• Aging
• Muscle weakness or balance problems
• Poor vision
• Smoking
• Heavy alcohol use
• Low calcium or vitamin D levels
• Lack of physical activity

Symptoms

Hip fractures usually happen suddenly and often cause severe pain and trouble moving.

Common symptoms may include:

• Pain in the hip, groin, thigh, or knee
• Difficulty standing or walking
• Inability to put weight on the affected leg
• Swelling or bruising around the hip
• One leg appearing shorter than the other
• The foot or leg turning outward

How Is It Diagnosed?

A healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, examine your hip and leg, and check your ability to move safely.

Imaging tests are usually needed to confirm the fracture and determine the best treatment plan. These may include:

• X-rays
• MRI scans
• CT scans

These tests help providers see the location and severity of the injury.

How Is It Treated?

Most hip fractures require surgery to stabilize or repair the broken bone. Depending on the type of fracture, treatment may involve metal screws, plates, rods, or a partial or total hip replacement.

After surgery, rehabilitation plays an important role in recovery. Physical therapy can help improve strength, movement, and balance so patients can return to daily activities as safely as possible.

Recovery time varies for each person. Some people regain independence within a few months, while others may need longer-term support or rehabilitation. Early treatment and movement can help lower the risk of complications such as blood clots, infections, and muscle weakness.