What Is High Blood Pressure?
High blood pressure, also called hypertension, happens when blood moves through your arteries with more force than normal. Over time, this extra pressure can strain your heart and damage blood vessels.
Because it often develops without obvious signs, many people may not know they have it until it’s detected during a routine check.
Symptoms and Causes
High blood pressure is often called a “silent condition” because it may not cause noticeable symptoms early on. When blood pressure becomes very high, some warning signs can appear.
Possible symptoms:
- Headaches
- Blurred or changed vision
- Chest discomfort
Common causes and risk factors include:
- Being overweight or inactive
- Eating foods high in salt
- Family history of hypertension
- Ongoing stress or poor sleep
- Drinking too much alcohol
- Smoking or vaping
- Conditions like kidney disease or diabetes
- Aging or hormonal factors
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers measure blood pressure using a cuff placed around the arm. The reading includes two numbers that reflect pressure during and between heartbeats.
Because blood pressure can change throughout the day, your provider will usually check it several times over time before making a diagnosis. In some cases, home monitoring may also be recommended.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment often begins with healthy lifestyle changes. These steps can make a meaningful difference and may reduce the need for medication.
Lifestyle approaches:
- Eating a balanced, low-sodium diet
- Staying physically active
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Limiting alcohol
- Managing stress
- Getting consistent, quality sleep
- Quitting smoking
If lifestyle changes aren’t enough, medications may be prescribed to help control blood pressure. Many people need ongoing care and regular monitoring to keep their numbers in a healthy range.
Managing high blood pressure lowers your risk of serious complications like heart attack, stroke, and kidney problems.
