What is granuloma annulare?
Granuloma annulare is a common skin condition that causes small raised bumps to form in a ring or circular pattern. The rash is usually harmless and is not contagious. It most often appears on the hands, feet, wrists, or ankles, but it can sometimes spread to other parts of the body.
In many people, the rash fades on its own over time. Some cases last for several months or longer before improving.
The exact cause is not fully understood. Experts believe the condition may be related to the immune system reacting within the skin. In some people, it may develop after minor skin injury or irritation. Granuloma annulare can affect anyone, though it is seen more often in women.
Symptoms
Granuloma annulare can look different from person to person. The rash may stay in one area or appear in several places on the body.
Common symptoms include:
- Small raised bumps arranged in a ring shape
- Red, pink, brown, or skin-colored patches
- Smooth or firm areas of skin
- Rash on the hands, feet, arms, or legs
- Mild itching in some cases
- Widespread patches in more severe forms
How is it diagnosed?
A healthcare provider usually diagnoses granuloma annulare by examining the skin and reviewing your medical history. Because other skin conditions can look similar, additional testing may sometimes be needed.
Your provider may recommend:
- A skin biopsy to confirm the diagnosis
- A skin scraping to rule out fungal infections
- Evaluation by a dermatologist for persistent or widespread rash
These tests help make sure the rash is not caused by another condition.
How is it treated?
Many cases of granuloma annulare do not require treatment and slowly improve on their own. Treatment may be recommended if the rash is itchy, widespread, or causing cosmetic concerns.
Treatment options may include:
- Corticosteroid creams or ointments
- Steroid injections into affected areas
- Light therapy (phototherapy)
- Cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen
- Oral medications for more extensive cases
Your provider will recommend treatment based on the size of the rash, your symptoms, and how long the condition has been present. Even after treatment, the rash can sometimes return.
