What is a Glioma?

A glioma is a type of brain tumor that starts in cells called glial cells. These cells help support and protect the brain’s nerve cells. Gliomas can develop in different parts of the brain and may grow slowly or more aggressively depending on the type.

Even when not cancerous, these tumors can still affect how the brain works by putting pressure on nearby tissue.

In most cases, the exact cause of a glioma is not known. However, certain factors may increase risk, including:

• Inherited genetic conditions
• Previous exposure to radiation to the head 

Symptoms

Glioma symptoms can vary based on where the tumor is located and how large it has grown. Some people notice changes gradually, while others may have sudden symptoms.

Common symptoms include:

• Frequent or worsening headaches
• Seizures
• Nausea or vomiting
• Trouble with balance or walking
• Vision or hearing changes
• Slurred speech
• Weakness in the arms or legs
• Changes in mood, memory, or personality

How is it diagnosed?

To diagnose a glioma, your provider will begin with a detailed health history and a neurological exam. This helps assess functions like vision, coordination, reflexes, and speech.

Imaging tests, such as an MRI, are commonly used to look at the brain in detail. If a tumor is found, additional testing or a biopsy may be needed to determine the exact type and how quickly it may grow.

How is it treated?

Treatment depends on the tumor’s size, location, and aggressiveness. Care plans are personalized for each patient.

Treatment often begins with:

• Surgery: Removing as much of the tumor as safely possible

Additional treatments may include:

• Radiation therapy: Targets remaining tumor cells or slows growth
• Chemotherapy: Uses medication to stop tumor cells from growing
• Targeted therapy: Focuses on specific features of certain tumors

Many patients receive a combination of these treatments. Recovery can vary, and some people may benefit from physical or occupational therapy to regain strength and daily function.