What is Gallstone Pancreatitis?

Gallstone pancreatitis happens when a gallstone blocks one of the ducts connected to the pancreas. This blockage can cause digestive enzymes to build up and irritate the pancreas, leading to inflammation and pain.

The pancreas plays an important role in digestion and blood sugar control. When it becomes inflamed, symptoms can appear suddenly and may require emergency medical care.

Gallstones are the most common cause of this condition. The stones form in the gallbladder and can move into nearby ducts, blocking the normal flow of digestive fluids.

Factors that may increase the risk of gallstones include:

• Obesity
• Diabetes
• High cholesterol
• Rapid weight loss
• Family history of gallstones
• Certain hormone-based medications

Symptoms

Gallstone pancreatitis usually causes sudden and intense symptoms. Many people develop pain shortly after eating, especially after a large or fatty meal.

Common symptoms may include:

• Severe pain in the upper abdomen
• Pain that spreads to the back or shoulder
• Nausea or vomiting
• Fever or chills
• Tenderness in the abdomen
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

How is it Diagnosed?

Healthcare providers diagnose gallstone pancreatitis by reviewing symptoms, performing a physical exam, and ordering tests to look for inflammation or blocked ducts.

Blood tests can measure pancreatic enzymes and check for signs of infection. Imaging tests help providers see the pancreas, gallbladder, and bile ducts more clearly. These tests may include:

• Ultrasound
• CT scan
• MRI or MRCP

In some cases, a procedure called ERCP may be used to locate and remove a gallstone blockage.

How is it Treated?

Most people with gallstone pancreatitis need treatment in the hospital. Early treatment focuses on helping the pancreas rest and reducing inflammation.

Treatment may include:

• IV fluids to prevent dehydration
• Medicines for pain and nausea
• Temporary changes to eating and drinking
• Nutritional support if symptoms are severe

If a gallstone remains blocked in the duct, providers may remove it using ERCP. Many people are also advised to have their gallbladder removed after recovery to help prevent future attacks.

Recovery depends on how severe the inflammation is. Mild cases often improve within a few days, while more serious cases may require longer treatment and monitoring.