What is Fibrous Dysplasia?
Fibrous dysplasia is a rare bone condition that happens when abnormal tissue develops in place of healthy bone. This can make bones weaker, uneven, or more likely to break. The condition may affect a single bone or several bones throughout the body.
Fibrous dysplasia often begins during childhood or the teenage years, although some people are not diagnosed until adulthood. In many cases, the condition is manageable with regular monitoring and treatment focused on protecting bone strength and reducing symptoms.
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary depending on which bones are affected and how severe the condition becomes. Some people have mild symptoms, while others may develop pain or changes in bone shape over time.
Common symptoms may include:
- Bone pain or tenderness
- Frequent fractures
- Curved or misshapen bones
- Uneven growth of the arms or legs
- Difficulty walking or a waddling gait
- Scoliosis, or curvature of the spine
- Facial asymmetry when skull bones are involved
How is it diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose fibrous dysplasia using a physical exam, medical history, and imaging tests. X-rays are often the first step because they can show areas where normal bone has been replaced by abnormal tissue.
Additional tests may include CT scans or MRI scans for a closer look at the affected bone. Bone scans can help identify whether multiple bones are involved. Blood tests or a biopsy may also be recommended in certain situations to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions.
How is it treated?
Treatment depends on the location of the affected bone, the severity of symptoms, and whether fractures or deformities are present. Mild cases may only need regular follow-up visits and imaging to monitor bone health.
Conservative treatment options often include:
- Pain-relief medications
- Physical therapy to improve strength and movement
- Activity adjustments to reduce stress on weakened bones
When the condition causes severe pain, repeated fractures, or significant bone deformity, surgery may be recommended. Surgical treatment can help stabilize weakened bones, correct alignment, or repair damaged areas using rods, plates, or bone grafts.
Because fibrous dysplasia is a lifelong condition, ongoing care may be important to help maintain mobility, reduce discomfort, and prevent complications.
