What is fibromyalgia?
Fibromyalgia is a long-lasting condition that causes widespread pain and tenderness throughout the body. It mainly affects muscles and other soft tissues, rather than joints or bones. Many people also experience fatigue and trouble sleeping along with the pain.
The exact cause isn’t fully understood. Experts believe it may be related to how the brain and nerves process pain signals. Triggers can include stress, illness, injury, or poor sleep. It is more often seen in women and typically develops in early to middle adulthood.
Symptoms
Fibromyalgia can affect each person differently, but it often includes a combination of physical and mental symptoms.
Common symptoms include:
- Ongoing pain in multiple areas of the body
- Extreme tiredness, even after rest
- Trouble sleeping or feeling unrefreshed
- Difficulty concentrating or remembering things (“fibro fog”)
- Headaches
- Mood changes such as anxiety or depression
- Digestive issues like bloating, diarrhea, or constipation
- Sensitivity to temperature, touch, or stress
How is it diagnosed?
There isn’t a single test that can confirm fibromyalgia. Instead, your provider will review your symptoms and medical history and perform a physical exam.
They may also order blood tests or other evaluations to rule out conditions with similar symptoms, such as autoimmune or thyroid disorders.
How is it treated?
While there is no cure for fibromyalgia, many treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Treatment often begins with simple approaches, such as:
- Regular low-impact exercise like walking or swimming
- Improving sleep habits
- Stress reduction techniques
If needed, your provider may recommend:
- Medications to reduce pain or improve sleep
- Antidepressants or nerve pain medications
- Physical therapy to build strength and flexibility
- Counseling or cognitive behavioral therapy
Some people also find relief with supportive therapies like massage, acupuncture, or heat treatments. Because symptoms can vary, care is often personalized to fit your needs.
