What is Endometrial cancer?
Endometrial cancer begins in the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It is one of the most common cancers affecting the female reproductive system.
Many people notice symptoms early, which allows for timely diagnosis and treatment. When found early, outcomes are often very positive.
Possible causes and risk factors:
- Hormone imbalances, especially higher estrogen levels
- Aging, particularly after menopause
- Excess body weight
- Diabetes or related conditions
- Family history of certain cancers
- Long-term reproductive or hormonal changes
Symptoms
Endometrial cancer often causes noticeable changes, especially related to bleeding.
Common symptoms include:
- Bleeding after menopause
- Bleeding between menstrual periods
- Heavier or longer menstrual cycles
- Pelvic pain or pressure
How is it diagnosed?
Your provider will begin by asking about your symptoms and medical history. A pelvic exam is usually part of the evaluation.
If further testing is needed, common steps may include:
- Transvaginal ultrasound: Uses sound waves to check the thickness of the uterine lining
- Endometrial biopsy: A small sample of tissue is collected and examined for cancer cells
- Dilation and curettage (D&C): A minor procedure to gather more tissue if needed
- Hysteroscopy: A thin camera may be used to look inside the uterus
A biopsy is the most important test to confirm a diagnosis.
How is it treated?
Treatment depends on how early the cancer is found and your overall health.
Most care plans begin with:
- Surgery: Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) is the most common approach
Additional treatments may include:
- Radiation therapy to target remaining cancer cells
- Hormone therapy for certain types of tumors
- Chemotherapy if the cancer has spread or returned
When caught early, many people respond very well to treatment. Your care team will guide you through recovery and follow-up care.
