What Are Ear Infections?
Ear infections happen when bacteria or viruses cause swelling and irritation in the ear. They can affect the middle ear behind the eardrum or the outer ear canal, often called swimmer’s ear. Ear infections are common in children, but adults can develop them too.
Ear infections may develop after a cold, sinus infection, or allergies that cause fluid buildup behind the eardrum. Swimmer’s ear is often linked to water trapped in the ear canal after swimming or bathing. Using cotton swabs or placing objects in the ear can also irritate the skin and increase the risk of infection.
Some infections are mild and improve quickly, while others may need medical treatment to prevent discomfort or hearing problems.
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary depending on the type of ear infection and which part of the ear is affected.
Common symptoms include:
- Ear pain or pressure
- Trouble hearing clearly
- A feeling of fullness in the ear
- Fluid draining from the ear
- Fever
- Itching or redness around the ear canal
- Pain when touching or pulling the ear
How Is It Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will ask about symptoms and examine the ear using a lighted instrument called an otoscope. This helps check for swelling, redness, fluid, or signs of infection.
In some cases, hearing tests or additional evaluations may be recommended, especially if infections happen often or symptoms do not improve.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection. Some mild ear infections improve on their own with rest and symptom relief.
Common treatments include:
- Pain relievers to reduce discomfort or fever
- Antibiotics for bacterial infections
- Prescription ear drops for swimmer’s ear
- Keeping the ears clean and dry
- Avoiding irritation from cotton swabs or other objects
For people with frequent middle ear infections, providers may recommend ear tubes to help drain fluid and reduce future infections.
Most people start feeling better within a few days of treatment. Prompt care can help lower the risk of ongoing pain, hearing changes, or repeat infections.
