What Is Drug-induced hepatitis?

Drug-induced hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by a reaction to medications, supplements, or other substances. The liver normally helps break down medicines so the body can remove them safely. When the liver becomes overwhelmed or reacts poorly to a substance, damage can occur.

This condition can develop slowly over time or happen suddenly, depending on the cause. In many cases, the liver improves once the harmful medication or supplement is stopped.

Many different substances can irritate or damage the liver. Possible causes include:

• Taking high doses of certain medications, especially acetaminophen
• Reactions to prescription or over-the-counter medicines
• Using multiple medications at the same time
• Herbal products or dietary supplements
• Mixing alcohol with certain medications

Some people have a higher risk of developing liver damage from medications, including older adults and those with existing liver disease.

Symptoms

Drug-induced hepatitis can affect people in different ways. Some people have mild symptoms, while others may become seriously ill.

Common symptoms may include:

• Pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen
• Tiredness or weakness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Fever
• Dark-colored urine
• Pale stools
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

How Is It Diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will review your symptoms, medications, supplements, and medical history. A physical exam can help identify signs of liver irritation or damage.

Blood tests are commonly used to check liver function and look for inflammation. Providers may also order imaging tests such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to examine the liver more closely. In some situations, a liver biopsy may be recommended to better understand the amount of liver damage.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment usually begins by stopping the medication or supplement that may be causing the problem. Your provider may recommend regular blood tests to monitor how your liver heals over time.

Many people recover with careful monitoring and supportive care. Severe cases may require hospitalization, especially if liver function becomes dangerously impaired. Although uncommon, advanced liver failure may require a liver transplant.

Avoiding alcohol and taking medications only as directed can help protect the liver during recovery.