What Is Diverticular Disease?

Diverticular disease affects the large intestine, also called the colon. It happens when small pouches form in weak areas of the colon wall. These pouches are called diverticula.

Many people have diverticula without any symptoms. This is known as diverticulosis. When the pouches become inflamed or infected, the condition is called diverticulitis. Some people may also experience bleeding from these pouches.

Healthcare providers do not know the exact cause of diverticular disease. However, several factors may increase the risk, including:

• Aging
• A low-fiber diet
• Constipation
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Limited physical activity
• Frequent use of certain pain relievers, such as NSAIDs

Symptoms

Diverticular disease symptoms can range from mild discomfort to more serious digestive problems. Some people may not notice symptoms at all until inflammation develops.

Symptoms may include:

• Pain or tenderness in the lower abdomen, often on the left side
• Bloating or cramping
• Constipation or changes in bowel habits
• Fever or chills
• Nausea or vomiting
• Blood in the stool

How Is It Diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will begin by discussing your symptoms and medical history and performing a physical exam.

Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, are commonly used to look for inflammation or complications related to diverticulitis. Blood or stool tests may also help identify infection or bleeding.

A colonoscopy may be recommended after inflammation improves to examine the colon more closely and rule out other digestive conditions.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment depends on how severe the condition is and whether infection or complications are present.

Many people manage diverticulosis by increasing fiber in their diet and staying well hydrated. Foods rich in fiber include fruits, vegetables, beans, and whole grains.

During a diverticulitis flare-up, treatment may include:

• A temporary liquid or low-fiber diet
• Antibiotics when infection is present
• Pain management
• Rest and hydration

Severe cases may require hospitalization, especially if there is significant infection, an abscess, or a tear in the colon. Some people with repeated or complicated episodes may need surgery.

Recovery time varies, but many mild cases improve within days to weeks with proper care and follow-up.