What is a deviated septum?
A deviated septum happens when the thin wall inside the nose shifts away from the center. This wall, called the septum, separates the two nasal passages. When it is crooked or uneven, airflow through the nose may become blocked.
Some people are born with a deviated septum, while others develop it after an injury to the nose. In mild cases, symptoms may be minimal. More significant deviation can affect breathing and sinus function.
Possible causes include:
- A condition present at birth
- Injury from sports, accidents, or falls
- Previous nasal procedures or trauma
Symptoms
A deviated septum can make it harder for air to move normally through the nose. Symptoms may affect one side more than the other.
Common symptoms include:
- Trouble breathing through the nose
- Nasal congestion or blockage
- Frequent sinus infections
- Pressure or fullness in the nose
- Nasal drainage
- Difficulty sleeping because of blocked airflow
How is it diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, breathing concerns, and any past injuries to the nose. They will also examine the inside of the nose to check the position of the septum and look for swelling or blockage.
In some cases, providers may use a small lighted scope to get a better view of the nasal passages. Imaging tests such as a CT scan may also help evaluate the structure of the nose and sinuses.
How is it treated?
Treatment depends on how severe the symptoms are. Mild cases may improve with medications that reduce swelling or congestion in the nasal passages.
If breathing problems continue or sinus infections happen often, surgery may be recommended. Septoplasty is a procedure used to straighten the septum and improve airflow through the nose. The surgery is usually performed through the nostrils, so visible scarring is uncommon.
Most people are able to return to normal daily activities within about a week after surgery. Some swelling may continue as the nose heals, and full results can take several months to develop.
