What is dengue fever?
Dengue fever is a viral illness spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It is most common in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, including parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia.
In some people, dengue can become severe. Warning signs may include:
- Severe stomach pain
- Trouble breathing
- Bleeding from the gums or nose
- Persistent vomiting
- Extreme weakness or restlessness
Severe dengue can lead to bleeding problems, shock, or organ damage and requires immediate medical care.
Symptoms
Symptoms usually begin a few days after a mosquito bite and may last about a week. Many people feel suddenly ill with fever and body aches.
Common symptoms include:
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Muscle and joint pain
- Tiredness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Skin rash
How is it diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose dengue fever by reviewing symptoms, travel history, and possible mosquito exposure. Because dengue can look similar to other infections, lab testing is often needed.
Blood tests can help confirm the virus or detect antibodies made by the immune system in response to infection.
How is it treated?
There is no specific cure for dengue fever, so treatment focuses on helping the body recover and preventing complications.
Most people improve with:
- Plenty of fluids
- Rest
- Fever control with acetaminophen
Providers usually recommend avoiding aspirin, ibuprofen, and similar anti-inflammatory medicines because they can increase the risk of bleeding.
People with severe symptoms may need hospital care, IV fluids, and close monitoring. Most mild cases improve within one to two weeks, although tiredness can last longer.
