What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) happens when a blood clot forms in a vein deep inside the body, most often in the leg. These clots can block normal blood flow and may cause swelling or pain.

In some cases, part of the clot can travel to the lungs. This is called a pulmonary embolism and requires immediate medical care.

Factors that can increase risk include:

• Long periods of sitting or bed rest
• Recent surgery or injury
• Pregnancy
• Smoking
• Being overweight
• Hormone therapy or birth control use
• Older age
• History of blood clots
• Certain medical conditions, including cancer or heart disease

Symptoms

DVT doesn’t always cause noticeable symptoms, which can make it hard to detect. When symptoms do appear, they usually affect one arm or leg.

Common symptoms include:

• Swelling in the affected limb
• Pain or cramping, often in the calf
• Warm skin in the area
• Red or discolored skin
• Tenderness or soreness

DVT develops when blood flow slows down, the vein is injured, or the blood is more likely to clot.

How is it diagnosed?

Your provider will start with a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and health history. If DVT is suspected, imaging is usually needed.

The most common test is an ultrasound, which shows how blood is flowing through your veins. Blood tests may also be used to check for signs of abnormal clotting.

How is it treated?

Treatment focuses on stopping the clot from growing and preventing serious complications.

Most people are treated with medications that thin the blood and reduce the risk of additional clots. These can be taken as pills, injections, or through an IV.

In more severe cases, stronger medications may be used to break up the clot. If blood thinners aren’t an option, a small filter may be placed in a large vein to help stop clots from reaching the lungs.

Recovery varies. Some people heal without long-term issues, while others may have ongoing swelling or discomfort.