What is cubital tunnel syndrome?
Cubital tunnel syndrome happens when the ulnar nerve becomes irritated or compressed near the inside of the elbow. The ulnar nerve helps control movement and feeling in parts of the hand, especially the ring and little fingers.
Many people notice symptoms that feel similar to hitting the “funny bone.” Over time, pressure on the nerve can lead to numbness, weakness, and hand discomfort.
Cubital tunnel syndrome may happen from repeated elbow bending, leaning on the elbow for long periods, or repetitive arm movements. Arthritis, bone spurs, swelling, and previous elbow injuries can also place pressure on the nerve.
Symptoms
Symptoms usually develop gradually and may become worse with certain arm positions or repetitive motions.
Common symptoms include:
- Numbness or tingling in the ring and little fingers
- Hand weakness or clumsiness
- Weaker grip strength
- Aching pain on the inside of the elbow
- Symptoms that worsen when the elbow stays bent
- Nighttime tingling or numbness
How is it diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose cubital tunnel syndrome with a physical exam and a review of symptoms. They may check hand strength, sensation, and how the nerve responds to certain movements.
Additional tests may include nerve conduction studies and electromyography (EMG) to evaluate nerve and muscle function. X-rays or other imaging tests may also help identify arthritis, bone spurs, or past injuries around the elbow.
How is it treated?
Treatment usually begins with conservative care to reduce pressure on the nerve and improve symptoms.
Non-surgical treatment may include:
- Rest and activity changes
- Avoiding prolonged elbow bending
- Wearing a splint or brace at night
- Anti-inflammatory medicines
- Elbow padding
- Nerve gliding or stretching exercises
If symptoms continue or muscle weakness becomes more severe, surgery may be recommended to relieve pressure on the nerve. Recovery depends on the severity of nerve irritation and how long symptoms have been present.
