What is complex regional pain syndrome?
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a long-term pain condition that usually affects an arm, leg, hand, or foot. It often begins after an injury, surgery, or nerve damage.
With CRPS, the body responds to pain differently than expected. Pain may continue long after the original injury has healed and can become more severe over time.
CRPS often develops after a fracture, sprain, surgery, or other injury. In some cases, it follows direct nerve damage. Researchers believe the condition may involve abnormal activity in the nervous system and inflammation within the affected area.
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary from person to person and may change as the condition progresses.
Common symptoms include:
- Burning or throbbing pain
- Swelling
- Skin that feels unusually warm or cool
- Changes in skin color
- Sensitivity to touch
- Joint stiffness
- Muscle weakness
- Trouble moving the affected area
How is it diagnosed?
There is no single test that confirms CRPS. Healthcare providers diagnose the condition by reviewing symptoms, medical history, and changes in the affected limb.
A physical exam helps evaluate swelling, movement, skin changes, and pain response. Imaging studies or nerve tests may also be used to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
How is it treated?
Treatment focuses on reducing pain and helping improve movement and daily function. Early treatment may improve recovery and reduce the risk of long-term complications.
Treatment options may include:
- Physical therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Pain-relieving medicines
- Medicines for nerve pain
- Corticosteroids
- Nerve blocks
- Spinal cord stimulation
- Counseling or behavioral therapy
Gentle movement and exercise are often important parts of treatment. Many people benefit from a care plan that combines physical rehabilitation with pain management and emotional support.
