What is the Common Cold?
The common cold is a mild viral infection of the nose and throat. It’s one of the most frequent illnesses people experience and spreads easily from person to person. While uncomfortable, it usually improves on its own without serious problems.
Colds are more common in the fall and winter months, when people spend more time indoors and in close contact with others. Children tend to get colds more often because their immune systems are still developing.
Symptoms
Colds are caused by viruses that irritate the lining of the nose and throat. They spread through the air when someone coughs or sneezes, or by touching surfaces that carry the virus.
Common symptoms include:
- Runny or blocked nose
- Sore or scratchy throat
- Sneezing
- Mild cough
- Watery eyes
- Headache or body aches
- Low fever (especially in children)
- Feeling tired or run down
How is it diagnosed?
Healthcare providers usually diagnose a cold based on your symptoms and a simple exam. Testing is not often needed. If symptoms are severe or persist longer than expected, your provider may check for other conditions, such as the flu, allergies, or a bacterial infection.
How is it treated?
There is no cure for the common cold, but treatment can help you feel better while your body heals.
Common approaches include:
- Rest and staying hydrated
- Over-the-counter medications for congestion, cough, or pain
- Warm saltwater gargles for a sore throat
- Using steam or a humidifier to ease breathing
Antibiotics are not used for colds because they only treat bacterial infections. Most people recover within a week or two. If symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop, medical care may be needed to rule out complications.
