What Is Chronic Venous Insufficiency?
Chronic venous insufficiency, also called CVI, happens when the veins in the legs have trouble moving blood back to the heart. This often occurs when vein valves become weak or damaged, allowing blood to collect in the lower legs.
Over time, the extra pressure in the veins can lead to swelling, discomfort, skin changes, and other circulation problems. While CVI is usually not life-threatening, it can affect comfort, mobility, and daily activities.
CVI develops when blood flow in the leg veins becomes less effective. Several conditions and lifestyle factors can increase the risk, including:
- Previous blood clots in the legs
- Long periods of sitting or standing
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Smoking
- Limited physical activity
- Family history of vein disease
- Prior leg injury or surgery
Symptoms
Symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency often develop gradually and may become worse over time.
Common symptoms include:
- Swelling in the legs or ankles
- Aching, heaviness, or tired legs
- Pain after standing or sitting for long periods
- Varicose veins
- Itchy or irritated skin
- Brown or darkened skin near the ankles
- Leg cramps
- Slow-healing sores or ulcers on the legs
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose chronic venous insufficiency by reviewing symptoms and examining the legs for swelling, skin changes, or visible veins.
A duplex ultrasound is commonly used to check blood flow and evaluate how well the vein valves are working. This painless imaging test can help identify blocked or damaged veins.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment for CVI focuses on improving blood flow, reducing symptoms, and preventing complications.
Conservative treatment often includes:
- Wearing compression stockings
- Elevating the legs
- Regular walking and exercise
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Avoiding long periods of standing or sitting
- Skin care to protect irritated areas
For more advanced cases, minimally invasive procedures may help close or remove damaged veins. These treatments can include sclerotherapy, laser treatment, or radiofrequency ablation. In severe cases, surgery may be recommended.
Many people find relief with ongoing treatment and healthy lifestyle changes. Early care may also help lower the risk of leg ulcers and long-term vein damage.
