What is cirrhosis?

Cirrhosis is a long-term condition where the liver becomes scarred over time. This scarring replaces healthy tissue, making it harder for the liver to do its job.

As damage builds, the liver cannot filter toxins, support digestion, or regulate important body functions as effectively.

 Cirrhosis is most often caused by:

• Long-term alcohol use
• Chronic hepatitis infections
• Fatty liver disease related to obesity or diabetes

Other possible causes include:

• Autoimmune conditions
• Problems with bile flow
• Genetic conditions affecting iron or copper levels
• Certain medications or toxin exposure

Symptoms

Cirrhosis often develops slowly, and symptoms may not appear right away. As the condition progresses, signs can become more noticeable.

Common symptoms include:

• Tiredness or low energy
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Swelling in the abdomen or legs
• Loss of appetite or weight loss
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Confusion or trouble thinking clearly
• Itchy skin

How is it diagnosed?

Your provider will begin with a physical exam and review your medical history. Blood tests can help show how well your liver is working.

Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI provide a closer look at the liver. In some cases, a small tissue sample (biopsy) may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.

If cirrhosis is advanced, additional tests may check for complications such as internal bleeding.

How is it treated?

Treatment focuses on slowing liver damage and managing symptoms.

Early treatment may include:

• Avoiding alcohol
• Eating a balanced, low-sodium diet
• Managing conditions like diabetes or high cholesterol
• Medications to treat underlying causes

As cirrhosis progresses, care may involve:

• Medications to reduce fluid buildup
• Procedures to remove excess fluid
• Monitoring for complications like bleeding or infection
• Regular screening for liver cancer

In severe cases, when the liver can no longer function properly, a liver transplant may be the best option.