What Is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also called myalgic encephalomyelitis or ME/CFS, is a long-term condition that causes severe physical and mental exhaustion. The fatigue is often intense enough to interfere with work, school, daily routines, and social activities.
Unlike normal tiredness, rest does not fully relieve symptoms. Many people with CFS also notice that even small amounts of activity can make symptoms worse for days or longer.
The exact cause of CFS is not fully understood. Researchers continue to study possible links to viral infections, immune system changes, hormonal factors, and genetics.
The condition affects women more often than men and is most commonly diagnosed in adults, although people of any age can develop it.
Symptoms
CFS symptoms can affect many parts of the body and may change over time. Some people experience periods when symptoms improve, followed by flare-ups.
Common symptoms include:
- Extreme fatigue that does not improve with rest
- Feeling worse after physical or mental activity
- Trouble concentrating or memory problems
- Unrefreshing sleep
- Muscle or joint pain
- Headaches
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Sore throat or tender lymph nodes
- Mood changes, anxiety, or depression
How Is It Diagnosed?
There is no single test for chronic fatigue syndrome. Healthcare providers diagnose the condition by reviewing symptoms, medical history, and ruling out other possible causes of fatigue.
Symptoms usually must last for at least six months and significantly reduce normal activity levels. Blood tests and other evaluations may be used to check for sleep disorders, infections, thyroid conditions, or other health concerns with similar symptoms.
How Is It Treated?
There is currently no cure for CFS, but treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Treatment plans may include:
- Activity pacing and energy management
- Sleep support strategies
- Pain management
- Counseling or emotional support
- Treatment for anxiety, depression, or related conditions
- Gentle, supervised physical activity when appropriate
Lifestyle changes, stress management, and support groups may also help people cope with the challenges of living with a long-term condition.
Because symptoms and triggers vary from person to person, care is often personalized to fit individual needs and goals.
