What is chronic bronchitis?
Chronic bronchitis is a long-term lung condition that causes swelling and irritation in the breathing tubes of the lungs. The airways make extra mucus, which can lead to coughing and trouble breathing.
This condition is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Over time, chronic bronchitis can make it harder for air to move in and out of the lungs.
Smoking is the leading cause of chronic bronchitis. Breathing in secondhand smoke, air pollution, dust, fumes, or chemical irritants over time can also damage the lungs.
People with asthma, repeated respiratory infections, or certain inherited conditions may have a higher risk of developing chronic bronchitis.
Symptoms
Symptoms often develop slowly and may worsen over time. Many people notice symptoms for years before seeking care.
Common symptoms include:
- Ongoing cough
- Mucus or phlegm production
- Wheezing
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness
- Frequent lung infections
- Fatigue
How is it diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose chronic bronchitis by reviewing symptoms, medical history, and smoking history. A physical exam and listening to the lungs can help identify breathing problems.
Testing may include lung function studies such as spirometry, chest X-rays, CT scans, and oxygen level testing. Blood work or sputum testing may also be used to rule out other conditions or check for infection.
How is it treated?
Treatment focuses on improving breathing, reducing symptoms, and slowing lung damage.
Common treatments include:
- Quitting smoking
- Avoiding smoke and lung irritants
- Inhaled medicines that open the airways
- Steroid inhalers to reduce inflammation
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Oxygen therapy when oxygen levels are low
- Vaccines to help prevent lung infections
Healthy eating, regular activity, and staying up to date on flu and pneumonia vaccines can also support lung health. In severe cases, surgery or lung transplant may be considered.
