What is choroid plexus papilloma?

Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a rare brain tumor that develops in the tissue responsible for making cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord.

Most CPP tumors are noncancerous and grow slowly. Even though they are usually benign, they can still cause serious symptoms if they block the normal flow of fluid in the brain or increase pressure inside the skull.

Healthcare providers do not fully know what causes CPP tumors. Some cases may be linked to genetic changes, but more research is needed. CPP is most often diagnosed in infants and young children, though adults can also develop the condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms often happen because extra fluid builds up in the brain. This pressure can affect normal brain function.

Common symptoms may include:

• Headaches
• Nausea or vomiting
• Sleepiness or low energy
• Vision problems
• Dizziness
• Trouble with balance or walking
• Seizures

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis usually starts with a physical and neurological exam. Providers evaluate symptoms, balance, movement, reflexes, and vision.

Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans help providers look closely at the brain and locate the tumor. In some cases, a biopsy or lab testing of tumor tissue is needed to confirm the diagnosis.

How is it treated?

Surgery is the main treatment for choroid plexus papilloma. In many cases, removing the entire tumor can cure the condition.

If fluid buildup in the brain is causing pressure, a drainage procedure may be needed to relieve symptoms. Some patients may need additional surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy if the tumor cannot be fully removed or returns after treatment.

Regular follow-up visits and imaging scans are important to monitor recovery and check for recurrence.