What Is Chagas Disease?
Chagas disease is an infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is most commonly spread by contact with infected triatomine insects, sometimes called “kissing bugs.”
Chagas disease is more common in parts of Mexico, Central America, and South America. In some people, the infection can lead to serious problems involving the heart or digestive system years after exposure.
People are most at risk after living in or traveling to rural areas where infected triatomine bugs are found. The infection may also spread through contaminated blood products, organ transplants, pregnancy, or contaminated food.
Symptoms
Symptoms may appear shortly after infection or remain unnoticed for many years. Some people never develop symptoms, while others experience long-term complications.
Early symptoms may include:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Body aches
- Rash
- Loss of appetite
- Diarrhea or vomiting
- Swelling near the bite or infection site
Over time, chronic Chagas disease may cause:
- Irregular heartbeat
- Heart failure
- Enlarged heart
- Difficulty swallowing
- Severe constipation
How Is It Diagnosed?
Providers diagnose Chagas disease using blood tests that look for signs of the parasite. Your provider will also review your symptoms, travel history, and possible exposure risks.
If Chagas disease is confirmed, additional testing may evaluate heart function and check for complications. This may include an electrocardiogram (ECG) or echocardiogram.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment often includes antiparasitic medication to help fight the infection. These medicines are usually most effective when treatment begins early.
Some people may also need care for complications affecting the heart or digestive system. Long-term monitoring can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of serious health problems.
