What Is Cervicitis?

Cervicitis is inflammation or irritation of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The condition is often caused by an infection, including some sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Some people have noticeable symptoms, while others may not realize they have cervicitis until it is found during an exam.

Cervicitis is commonly linked to infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, or genital herpes. Vaginal infections like bacterial vaginosis may also lead to cervical inflammation.

Risk factors can include unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, or a history of sexually transmitted infections.

Symptoms

Symptoms can range from mild to more uncomfortable depending on the cause of the inflammation.

Common symptoms may include:

• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Bleeding between periods
• Bleeding after sex
• Pain during intercourse
• Burning or discomfort with urination

How Is It Diagnosed?

Providers diagnose cervicitis with a pelvic exam and a review of symptoms and medical history. During the exam, the cervix may appear irritated or inflamed.

Testing may include swabs or lab tests to check for sexually transmitted infections or other vaginal infections. In some cases, additional evaluation may be needed to rule out pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

How Is It Treated?

Treatment depends on the cause of the cervicitis. Bacterial infections are usually treated with antibiotics, while antiviral medicine may be used for herpes infections.

Sexual partners may also need treatment to help prevent reinfection. Most people improve with prompt care, especially when treatment begins early.

Without treatment, the infection can spread to other reproductive organs and may lead to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease or fertility problems.