What is cervical spondylosis?

Cervical spondylosis is a common condition caused by age-related changes in the neck. Over time, the discs and joints in the cervical spine begin to wear down, reducing cushioning between the bones. This can lead to stiffness, discomfort, and, in some cases, pressure on nearby nerves.

Common causes and risk factors:

• Natural aging and wear on the spine
• Previous neck injuries
• Repetitive neck movements (such as certain jobs or activities)
• Family history of spine conditions
• Smoking, which may speed up degeneration

Symptoms

Cervical spondylosis often develops gradually. Some people may not notice symptoms, while others experience increasing discomfort.

Common symptoms include:

• Ongoing neck pain or stiffness
• Pain that spreads to the shoulders or arms
• Headaches
• Tingling, numbness, or weakness in the arms or hands
• Trouble with balance or coordination
• A grinding or clicking feeling when moving the neck

In more advanced cases, nerve or spinal cord pressure may affect walking or bladder control.

How is it diagnosed?

Your provider will begin with a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and medical history. They may check your strength, reflexes, and range of motion.

To get a clearer view of your spine, imaging tests may be used, including:

• X-rays to look at bone changes
• MRI or CT scans to assess discs, nerves, and soft tissues

In some cases, additional tests, such as nerve studies, may be recommended to understand better how your nerves are functioning.

How is it treated?

Treatment focuses on relieving pain, improving movement, and preventing further irritation.

Most people find relief with non-surgical options such as:

• Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers
• Physical therapy to strengthen and stretch the neck
• Heat or ice to ease discomfort
• Short-term use of a soft neck brace

If symptoms continue, your provider may recommend:

• Targeted injections to reduce inflammation and pain

Surgery is usually only considered when there is significant nerve or spinal cord compression. These procedures aim to relieve pressure and stabilize the spine.

Many people successfully manage cervical spondylosis with a combination of treatments and lifestyle adjustments.