What Is Cellulitis?
Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that affects the deeper layers of the skin and soft tissue beneath it. It often develops when bacteria enter the body through a cut, scrape, insect bite, or another break in the skin.
The infection most commonly affects the legs, but it can appear anywhere on the body. Without treatment, cellulitis can spread quickly and lead to serious complications.
Cellulitis is most often caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus bacteria. These bacteria can enter through cuts, cracked skin, surgical wounds, burns, bites, or other skin injuries.
Certain conditions can increase the risk of cellulitis, including diabetes, poor circulation, chronic swelling, and weakened immune systems.
Symptoms
Cellulitis usually causes skin changes that become more noticeable over time. The affected area may feel painful, warm, or swollen.
Common symptoms include:
- Redness or swelling of the skin
- Warmth or tenderness
- Pain or soreness
- Fever or chills
- Fatigue
- Blisters
- Red streaks spreading from the area
- Skin that becomes dark or discolored in severe cases
How Is It Diagnosed?
Providers usually diagnose cellulitis with a physical exam and review of your symptoms and medical history. The appearance of the skin often helps identify the infection.
In some cases, blood tests, wound cultures, or imaging studies may be used to check for deeper infection or identify the bacteria causing the illness.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment typically begins with antibiotics to stop the infection from spreading. Mild cases are often treated with oral medication, while more serious infections may require IV antibiotics in the hospital.
Rest, elevating the affected area, and proper wound care can also help the skin heal. If an abscess or damaged tissue develops, surgery may sometimes be needed.
Many people begin improving within a few days of treatment, although complete healing can take longer depending on the severity of the infection.
