What Is Bursitis?

Bursitis happens when a small fluid-filled sac called a bursa becomes irritated or inflamed. Bursae help reduce friction between bones, tendons, muscles, and joints so your body can move smoothly.

This condition most often affects joints that move repeatedly, such as the shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, or heels. Bursitis can make everyday movements painful, but many people improve with rest and proper treatment.

Bursitis is often caused by repeated motions or prolonged pressure on a joint. Jobs, sports, or activities that involve kneeling, lifting, throwing, or repetitive movement can increase the risk.

Other causes and risk factors may include:

• Joint injuries
• Poor posture or body mechanics
• Infection
• Arthritis or gout
• Tight muscles or lack of stretching
• Diabetes or thyroid conditions
• Wearing shoes that place pressure on the heel

Symptoms

Bursitis symptoms can develop gradually or appear suddenly after an injury or repetitive activity. Common symptoms include:

• Pain near a joint
• Swelling or tenderness
• Warmth or redness around the area
• Stiffness or trouble moving the joint
• Increased pain with movement or pressure

How Is It Diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will review your symptoms, ask about your activity level, and examine the affected joint. In many cases, a physical exam is enough to identify bursitis.

Imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may be used to rule out other conditions or look more closely at the joint. If infection or gout is suspected, your provider may remove a small sample of fluid from the bursa for testing.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment usually begins with simple, nonsurgical approaches focused on reducing inflammation and easing pain. Your provider may recommend:

• Resting the joint
• Applying ice
• Avoiding activities that worsen symptoms
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Stretching or physical therapy
• Bracing or joint support

If symptoms continue, corticosteroid injections may help reduce swelling and discomfort. When bursitis is caused by an infection, antibiotics and fluid drainage may be necessary.

Surgery is rarely needed but may be considered for severe or recurring cases that do not improve with other treatments.

Many people recover within a few weeks with conservative care, especially when they avoid repetitive strain during healing.