What is breast cancer in men?
Breast cancer in men develops when cells in the breast grow in an uncontrolled way. While it is uncommon, men do have a small amount of breast tissue where cancer can form. Most cases begin in the ducts that carry breast fluids.
Several factors can increase risk, including:
- Getting older
- A family history of breast cancer
- Inherited gene changes such as BRCA mutations
- Hormone imbalances involving higher estrogen levels
- Obesity or heavy alcohol use
- Prior radiation exposure to the chest
Symptoms
Breast cancer in men may not cause symptoms right away. As it progresses, you may notice changes in the chest area.
Common symptoms include:
- A painless lump or thickened area in the breast
- Swelling near the breast or underarm
- Nipple changes, such as turning inward
- Discharge from the nipple, sometimes bloody
- Skin changes like redness, dimpling, or scaling
How is it diagnosed?
Your provider will begin with a physical exam and ask about your health history. If anything unusual is found, imaging tests like a mammogram or ultrasound may be recommended.
A biopsy is the only way to confirm cancer. This involves removing a small tissue sample for examination under a microscope. If cancer is found, additional tests help determine how advanced it is and guide treatment planning.
How is it treated?
Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer and your overall health. Surgery is often the first step and usually involves removing breast tissue.
Other treatments may include:
- Radiation therapy to target remaining cancer cells
- Chemotherapy to destroy cancer throughout the body
- Hormone therapy for cancers influenced by hormones
- Targeted therapy for tumors with specific markers like HER2
Recovery varies from person to person. Many men continue with follow-up care to monitor their health and prevent recurrence.
