What is a brain cyst?

A brain cyst is a pocket of fluid that forms in or around the brain. Most are not cancer, but they can still affect how the brain works, depending on their size and location. Some develop before birth, while others form later in life.

Even when a cyst is harmless, it can sometimes press on nearby brain tissue or block normal fluid flow, leading to symptoms.

Symptoms and Causes

Brain cysts don’t always cause symptoms. When they do, it’s often because of pressure inside the skull or changes in how fluid moves through the brain.

Common symptoms may include:

• Headaches
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or balance problems
• Vision or hearing changes
• Difficulty walking
• Facial discomfort
• Seizures (in some cases)

Possible causes include:

• Development before birth
• Head injury or trauma
• Infections in the brain
• Fluid buildup
• Growths such as tumors

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis usually begins with a conversation about your symptoms and a physical exam focused on your nervous system. Imaging tests are key to confirming a brain cyst.

Your provider may recommend:

• MRI scans for detailed brain images
• CT scans to identify abnormalities quickly
• Repeat imaging over time to track changes

In some cases, you may be referred to a neurologist or neurosurgeon for further evaluation.

How is it treated?

Treatment depends on the cyst’s size, location, and whether it is causing symptoms.

Conservative care may include:

• Monitoring with regular imaging
• Watching for changes in symptoms

If treatment is needed, options may include:

• Surgical removal of the cyst
• Draining the fluid to relieve pressure
• Placing a small tube (shunt) to manage fluid buildup
• Medications for infections
• Additional therapies if related to a tumor

Many people recover well, especially when cysts are found early and managed appropriately. Your care team will guide you based on your specific situation.