What Are Bone Cancers?

Bone cancers are rare cancers that begin in the bones or bone marrow. Different types of bone cancer can affect children, teens, and adults, depending on the specific disease.

Some of the more common types include osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and multiple myeloma. These cancers can affect how bones grow, move, and stay strong.

Symptoms

Symptoms can vary depending on the type and location of the cancer. Bone pain is often one of the earliest signs and may become more noticeable over time.

Common symptoms may include:

• Ongoing bone pain
• Swelling or tenderness near a bone or joint
• Fatigue
• Weak bones or unexpected fractures
• Difficulty moving a limb or joint
• Unexplained weight loss

How Is It Diagnosed?

Providers use several tests to diagnose bone cancer and determine the type and stage of disease. Your healthcare team will begin with a physical exam and review of your symptoms and medical history.

Diagnostic testing may include:

• X-rays
• MRI or CT scans
• PET scans
• Blood tests
• Bone biopsy

A biopsy is the most important step for confirming the diagnosis and identifying the specific type of cancer.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment depends on the type of bone cancer, where it is located, and whether it has spread. Many treatment plans involve a combination of therapies.

Treatment options may include:

• Surgery to remove the tumor
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Targeted therapy
• Immunotherapy for certain cancers
• Rehabilitation and supportive care

Your care team may also recommend physical therapy or pain management to help maintain strength, movement, and quality of life during recovery.

Excerpt

Bone cancers are rare cancers that develop in the bones or bone marrow and may cause pain, swelling, or weakened bones. Treatment often includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and supportive care based on the specific type of cancer.