What Is Blood in the Urine?

Blood in the urine, also called hematuria, happens when red blood cells are present in the urine. Sometimes the blood changes the urine color to pink, red, or brown. In other cases, the blood can only be seen through laboratory testing.

Hematuria can have many causes, ranging from temporary irritation after exercise to infections, kidney stones, or other medical conditions. Because it can sometimes signal a more serious problem, it’s important to talk with a healthcare provider if you notice changes in your urine.

Blood in the urine can happen for several reasons. Common causes include urinary tract infections, kidney stones, enlarged prostate, kidney disease, or injury to the urinary tract. Intense exercise may also lead to temporary hematuria in some people.

Symptoms

Some people with blood in the urine notice obvious color changes, while others have no visible symptoms.

Symptoms may include:

• Pink, red, or dark brown urine
• Burning or discomfort during urination
• Frequent urination
• A sudden urge to urinate
• Pain in the lower abdomen, side, or back
• Fatigue or other symptoms related to the underlying condition

How Is It Diagnosed?

A healthcare provider will review your symptoms, medical history, and medications before performing a physical exam. Urine testing is usually the first step to confirm the presence of blood and check for signs of infection or kidney problems.

Additional testing may include blood work, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans, or a cystoscopy to examine the bladder and urinary tract more closely. These tests help identify the underlying cause and guide treatment.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment depends on what is causing the blood in the urine. Mild cases related to exercise or temporary irritation may improve on their own.

If an infection is present, antibiotics may be prescribed. Kidney stones, prostate conditions, or kidney disease may require additional treatment or specialist care. Your provider will recommend a care plan based on your symptoms, overall health, and test results.

Prompt evaluation can help identify serious conditions early and support better long-term health.