What is a bicuspid aortic valve?
A bicuspid aortic valve is a heart condition present at birth where the aortic valve has two flaps instead of the usual three. This valve helps control blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body.
Because the valve is shaped differently, it may not open or close as well over time. This can make the heart work harder and may lead to other heart problems later in life.
Symptoms and Causes
Many people with this condition feel well for years and may not know they have it. Symptoms often develop gradually as the valve changes.
Common symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath, especially during activity
- Chest discomfort
- Feeling dizzy or faint
- Unusual tiredness
- Difficulty keeping up with physical activity
Causes and risk factors:
- Develops before birth as the heart forms
- Often runs in families
- More likely to cause problems with:
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Smoking
- Kidney disease
How is it diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will begin with a physical exam and review of your symptoms. If a valve problem is suspected, imaging tests are used to confirm the diagnosis.
The most common test is an echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to show how blood moves through the heart. Other tests, such as an ECG, chest X-ray, CT scan, or MRI, may provide additional detail.
Sometimes, the condition is found during testing for another reason.
How is it treated?
Treatment depends on how well the valve is working and whether symptoms are present.
For mild cases, your provider may recommend regular checkups and imaging to monitor changes over time. Medications may be used to manage blood pressure or cholesterol.
If the valve becomes severely narrowed or leaky, procedures may be needed. Options include:
- Minimally invasive techniques to open or replace the valve
- Surgical repair or replacement
Most people recover well after treatment, though ongoing follow-up care is important to protect heart health.
