What Is BPPV?
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common inner ear condition that causes brief episodes of dizziness or spinning sensations. Symptoms usually happen when the head changes position, such as rolling over in bed, bending down, or looking upward.
BPPV develops when tiny calcium crystals inside the inner ear become displaced and interfere with the body’s balance system. Although symptoms can feel alarming, the condition is usually treatable and not life-threatening.
Symptoms
BPPV symptoms are often sudden and may come and go over time. Episodes are usually short but can affect balance and daily activities.
Common symptoms may include:
- A spinning sensation (vertigo)
- Loss of balance or unsteadiness
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Dizziness triggered by head movement
Symptoms are commonly triggered by movements such as:
- Rolling over in bed
- Looking up
- Bending forward
- Standing up quickly
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose BPPV through a physical exam and discussion of your symptoms. They may guide your head and body through specific movements to trigger symptoms and observe eye movements linked to vertigo.
Additional testing may include:
- Balance testing
- Hearing evaluation
- ENG or VNG testing
- MRI scans to rule out other conditions
These tests help confirm the diagnosis and identify which part of the inner ear is affected.
How Is It Treated?
BPPV is often treated with simple repositioning techniques that move the displaced crystals back into the correct part of the inner ear. One of the most common treatments is called the Epley maneuver.
Treatment options may include:
- Canalith repositioning maneuvers
- Vestibular rehabilitation therapy
- Home exercises
- Short-term medication for nausea
- Lifestyle adjustments to reduce triggers
Many people improve quickly after treatment, although symptoms can sometimes return. Surgery is rarely needed.
