What is Arthritis?

Arthritis is a condition that affects the joints, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling. There are many different types of arthritis, but the most common are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Some forms develop from everyday wear on the joints, while others are linked to inflammation or problems with the immune system.

Arthritis can affect people of all ages, although it becomes more common as people get older. Several factors can increase the risk of developing arthritis. Aging, excess weight, past joint injuries, and repetitive motion from work or sports may place added stress on the joints. Some forms of arthritis can run in families, while autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis occur when the immune system attacks healthy joint tissue.

Symptoms

Arthritis symptoms can develop slowly over time or appear suddenly, depending on the type. Many people notice symptoms that come and go, while others experience ongoing joint discomfort.

Common symptoms include:

• Joint pain or tenderness
• Swelling around the joints
• Stiffness, especially in the morning
• Reduced flexibility or movement
• Difficulty walking or using affected joints
• Warmth or redness near the joint
• Fatigue in some inflammatory forms of arthritis

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosing arthritis usually begins with a physical exam and a discussion about your symptoms and medical history. Your provider may ask about when the pain started, which joints are affected, and whether arthritis runs in your family.

Testing may include blood work, joint fluid analysis, or imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans. These tests help identify the type of arthritis and measure how much joint damage or inflammation is present.

How is it treated?

Treatment for arthritis focuses on relieving pain, improving movement, and helping protect the joints. Many people begin with conservative treatments, including anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, exercise, and lifestyle changes such as weight management.

For more advanced arthritis, additional treatments may include low-dose radiation therapy, injections, or surgery. When joint damage becomes severe, joint replacement surgery may help reduce pain and improve mobility. Recovery often includes rehabilitation and guided exercises to help restore strength and movement.