What is aphasia?

Aphasia is a condition that affects a person’s ability to communicate because parts of the brain that control language are damaged. This can make it hard to speak, understand others, read, or write, even though thinking and intelligence remain intact.

 What causes aphasia?

Aphasia is most often linked to brain injury or illness, including:

• Stroke (most common cause)
• Head injuries
• Brain tumors
• Infections affecting the brain
• Progressive conditions like dementia

It is more frequently seen in adults over age 50, but it can occur at any age.

Symptoms

Aphasia can look different from person to person depending on the area of the brain involved.

Common symptoms include:

• Difficulty speaking clearly or finding the right words
• Short or incomplete sentences
• Trouble understanding conversations
• Using incorrect or made-up words
• Problems with reading or writing

How is it diagnosed?

A healthcare provider will evaluate communication skills to understand how language is affected. This often includes tests of speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

Imaging tests help identify the cause and location of brain damage. These may include:

• CT scan
• MRI

A speech-language pathologist usually plays a key role in confirming the diagnosis and guiding treatment.

How is it treated?

Treatment focuses on helping people communicate as effectively as possible.

Common approaches include:

• Speech and language therapy to rebuild communication skills
• Learning new ways to communicate, such as gestures or visual tools
• Using technology, like communication apps or devices
• Support and training for family members

Some people see significant improvement, especially early after a stroke or injury. Others may continue to have challenges but can still make progress over time with therapy and support.