What is anorexia nervosa?
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that affects both emotional and physical health. People with this condition may severely limit food intake because of an intense fear of gaining weight or concerns about body image. Even when they are underweight, they may still see themselves as overweight.
Over time, anorexia can affect nearly every part of the body. Without treatment, it may lead to serious health complications involving the heart, bones, hormones, and other organs.
Symptoms
Anorexia nervosa can affect thoughts, behaviors, and physical health. Symptoms often develop gradually and may become more noticeable over time.
Common symptoms include:
- Significant weight loss or low body weight
- Skipping meals or eating very small amounts
- Fear of gaining weight
- Obsessive focus on calories, food, or body shape
- Excessive exercise
- Feeling tired, weak, or dizzy
- Feeling cold more often than usual
- Constipation or stomach discomfort
- Dry skin and thinning hair
- Mood swings, anxiety, or depression
- Withdrawal from family, friends, or activities
How is it diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will begin with a physical exam and discussion about symptoms, eating habits, and emotional health. They may also ask questions about exercise patterns, weight changes, and daily behaviors.
Testing may include blood work or other evaluations to look for signs of malnutrition and related health complications. Mental health screening is also an important part of diagnosis.
How is it treated?
Treatment for anorexia nervosa focuses on improving both physical health and emotional well-being. Care often begins with restoring healthy nutrition and stabilizing weight.
Treatment may include:
- Nutrition counseling
- Individual therapy
- Family-based therapy
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Medical monitoring
- Treatment for anxiety or depression
Some people may need more intensive care in a hospital or specialized treatment program if the condition becomes severe or causes serious medical complications.
Recovery is possible, but it often takes time and ongoing support. Early treatment can help improve long-term outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.
