What Is Annular Pancreas?

Annular pancreas is a rare condition present at birth. It happens when pancreatic tissue grows around part of the small intestine called the duodenum. This ring of tissue can narrow or block the intestine, making it harder for food to move through the digestive system.

Some people never develop symptoms. Others may notice digestive problems during infancy, childhood, or adulthood depending on how much blockage is present.

Symptoms

Annular pancreas develops before birth while the pancreas is forming. Healthcare experts do not know the exact reason why it occurs, but it may be linked with certain genetic or developmental conditions, including Down syndrome.

Symptoms can vary from mild to severe. Some people have no symptoms at all, while others experience ongoing digestive discomfort.

Common symptoms may include:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Belly pain or cramping
• Bloating or swelling of the abdomen
• Feeling full quickly after eating
• Feeding problems in infants
• Trouble tolerating food
• Jaundice
• Symptoms of intestinal blockage

In some cases, annular pancreas may also increase the risk of pancreatitis or ulcers in the small intestine.

How Is It Diagnosed?

A healthcare provider will begin with a physical exam and discussion about symptoms and medical history. Imaging tests are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis and check for narrowing in the small intestine.

Tests may include:

• Ultrasound
• Upper GI imaging studies
• CT scan
• MRI

Some cases are identified before birth during prenatal ultrasound exams, while others are not discovered until symptoms appear later in life.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. People without symptoms may only need monitoring and regular follow-up care.

When annular pancreas causes a blockage or significant digestive problems, surgery is often recommended. Instead of removing the pancreatic tissue, surgeons usually create a pathway around the blocked area so food can move through the intestine more normally.

Most people recover well after treatment. Recovery time depends on the severity of the condition and the type of surgery performed.