What is Acute Pancreatitis?

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas, an organ that helps your body digest food and control blood sugar. When the pancreas becomes inflamed, it can cause severe abdominal pain and other serious symptoms.

Some cases are mild and improve quickly with treatment. Others can become severe and require emergency medical care and hospitalization.

Gallstones and heavy alcohol use are the most common causes of acute pancreatitis. Other possible causes include high triglycerides, certain medications, infections, smoking, or injury to the abdomen. In some cases, the exact cause may not be clear.

Symptoms

Acute pancreatitis often starts suddenly and may become worse over a short period of time. Common symptoms include:

• Severe pain in the upper abdomen
• Pain that spreads to the back
• Nausea or vomiting
• Fever
• Stomach tenderness
• Pain that gets worse after eating

How Is It Diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any risk factors. A physical exam can help identify signs of inflammation and abdominal tenderness.

Blood tests are commonly used to check pancreatic enzyme levels. Imaging tests such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may also be used to look for gallstones, swelling, or complications affecting the pancreas.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment depends on how severe the inflammation is and what caused it. Many people with acute pancreatitis need care in the hospital so their condition can be closely monitored.

Early treatment often includes IV fluids, pain medication, and temporary changes to eating and drinking to allow the pancreas to rest. Some people may need nutrition support if symptoms are severe or long-lasting.

If gallstones are causing the problem, a procedure or surgery may be needed to remove the blockage or gallbladder. When alcohol use is involved, treatment may also include support for stopping alcohol use safely.

Most mild cases improve within a few days. More severe cases can take longer to recover and may require additional treatment to prevent complications.