What is acute bronchitis?
Acute bronchitis is a short-term inflammation of the airways that carry air into your lungs. When these tubes become irritated, they produce extra mucus, making it harder to breathe comfortably. This condition often develops after a cold or other respiratory illness.
Most cases are caused by viruses, including those that lead to colds and the flu. Less often, bacteria may be involved.
Other factors that can increase your risk include:
- Exposure to tobacco smoke or air pollution
- Breathing in dust or chemical fumes
- Ongoing sinus or allergy issues
- Existing heart or lung conditions
Symptoms
Acute bronchitis usually begins with symptoms similar to a cold and then progresses to a persistent cough.
Common symptoms include:
- Cough that may produce mucus
- Chest tightness or soreness
- Feeling tired or run down
- Mild fever and chills
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Sore throat or runny nose
How is it diagnosed?
Your provider will begin with a conversation about your symptoms and a physical exam. In many cases, this is enough to make a diagnosis.
If needed, additional tests may help rule out other conditions, such as pneumonia or asthma. These may include:
- Chest imaging (such as an X-ray)
- Oxygen level testing
- Lab tests on mucus or nasal samples
- Breathing tests to assess lung function
How is it treated?
Treatment for acute bronchitis focuses on relieving symptoms while your body heals.
Common approaches include:
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Using medications to reduce fever or discomfort
- Taking cough remedies when appropriate
- Using a humidifier to ease breathing
- Avoiding smoke and lung irritants
Because most cases are viral, antibiotics are usually not helpful. They may only be used if a bacterial infection or a complication such as pneumonia develops.
Most people start to feel better within a couple of weeks, although a cough can last longer. Rest and supportive care are key to recovery.
