What is Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis?

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is an infection that affects the spaces inside your nose and the sinuses around your face. These areas can become swollen and blocked, making it harder for mucus to drain normally. This can lead to pressure, discomfort, and other symptoms.

It often develops after a common cold or another upper respiratory illness. While viruses cause many sinus infections, this type is specifically linked to bacteria.

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis usually begins after inflammation from a cold or allergies. When the sinuses are blocked, bacteria can grow more easily.

Factors that increase risk include:

• Recent viral illness (like a cold)
• Allergies
• Nasal blockages or structural issues
• Dental infections
• Exposure to irritants or water

Symptoms

This condition can cause a range of symptoms that affect your breathing and comfort.

Common symptoms include:

• Pressure or pain in the face, especially when bending forward
• Stuffy or blocked nose
• Thick yellow or green nasal discharge
• Postnasal drip
• Headache
• Fever
• Cough
• Ear pressure
• Reduced sense of smell
• Tooth or upper jaw discomfort

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and how long you’ve had them. A physical exam may be done to check for signs of infection.

Because viral and bacterial sinus infections feel similar, timing is important. Symptoms that last more than 10 days, become severe, or worsen after improving may suggest a bacterial cause.

In most cases, no additional testing is needed. If symptoms are severe, ongoing, or recurring, your provider may recommend imaging, such as a CT scan, or a closer look inside the nose with a small camera.

How is it treated?

Treatment often starts with simple steps to help you feel better.

Early care may include:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Saline nasal rinses
• Rest and fluids

Since many sinus infections improve on their own, your provider may recommend watching symptoms for a few days before starting antibiotics.

If symptoms continue or clearly point to a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. These help target the bacteria and can shorten the illness.

Most people recover within a few weeks. Serious complications are uncommon but require prompt medical care.