What Is Actinic Keratosis?
Actinic keratosis is a common skin condition caused by years of sun exposure. It usually appears as a rough, scaly patch on areas of skin that get the most sunlight, such as the face, scalp, ears, hands, or arms.
These spots are considered precancerous, which means they can sometimes develop into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Early treatment can help remove damaged skin cells before cancer develops.
The main cause of actinic keratosis is long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning beds. Risk may be higher in people who:
- Have fair skin or light-colored eyes
- Spend a lot of time outdoors
- Have a history of sunburns
- Live in sunny climates
- Are over age 40
- Have a weakened immune system
Symptoms
Actinic keratosis often develops slowly over time. Many people notice changes in their skin texture before they see a visible spot.
Common symptoms may include:
- Rough or dry patches of skin
- Scaly or crusted areas
- Flat spots or small raised bumps
- Red, pink, tan, brown, or flesh-colored patches
- Itching, tenderness, or a burning sensation
- Cracked or rough lips when the condition affects the lips
How Is It Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider can often diagnose actinic keratosis during a skin exam. They will look closely at the affected area and ask about your medical history, sun exposure, and skin changes.
In some cases, a dermatologist may use a special magnifying device to examine the skin more closely. If the area appears suspicious or difficult to identify, a small biopsy may be performed to check for skin cancer.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment focuses on removing damaged skin cells and lowering the risk of skin cancer. Your provider will recommend care based on the size, number, and location of the lesions.
Common treatment options include:
- Freezing the lesion with cryotherapy
- Prescription creams or gels applied to the skin
- Photodynamic therapy using light-sensitive medication
- Chemical peels or laser therapy
- Minor procedures to remove damaged tissue
After treatment, the skin may feel sore, red, or irritated for a short time while healing. Many people continue to develop new spots over time, so regular skin exams and daily sun protection are important parts of long-term care.
