What Is Acromegaly?
Acromegaly is a rare hormonal condition that happens when the body makes too much growth hormone during adulthood. The extra hormone causes bones and soft tissues to grow larger over time, especially in the hands, feet, and face.
Because symptoms develop slowly, many people may not realize anything is wrong for years. Without treatment, acromegaly can affect the heart, joints, metabolism, and other parts of the body.
Most cases are caused by a noncancerous tumor in the pituitary gland. This small gland near the base of the brain controls hormone production. The tumor releases extra growth hormone, which leads to abnormal tissue growth over time.
In rare cases, tumors in other parts of the body can also trigger excess hormone production.
Symptoms
Acromegaly often develops gradually, so changes may be hard to notice at first. Many people discover the condition after comparing older photos or noticing changes in clothing, shoe, or ring sizes.
Common symptoms may include:
- Larger hands or feet
- Changes in facial features, such as a more prominent jaw or enlarged nose
- Thickened skin
- Joint pain or stiffness
- Headaches
- Fatigue or muscle weakness
- Excess sweating
- Snoring or sleep apnea
- Tingling or numbness in the hands
- Vision changes
How Is It Diagnosed?
Diagnosing acromegaly usually starts with a physical exam and a discussion about symptoms and medical history. Because the condition changes appearance slowly, providers may ask about changes that developed over several years.
Testing may include:
- Blood tests to measure growth hormone and IGF-1 levels
- MRI scans to look for tumors in the pituitary gland
- CT scans or other imaging tests when needed
- Vision testing if the tumor may be affecting nearby nerves
Early diagnosis is important because treatment can help prevent long-term complications.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment for acromegaly focuses on lowering growth hormone levels and treating the cause of the condition.
Care often begins with conservative or minimally invasive options, including:
- Medications that reduce growth hormone production
- Medicines that block the effects of growth hormone
If a pituitary tumor is present, surgery may be recommended to remove as much of the tumor as possible. Some people may also need radiation therapy if hormone levels remain elevated after surgery or medication.
With treatment, many symptoms can improve over time. Ongoing follow-up visits and hormone testing help providers monitor recovery and manage possible complications.
