What is an acoustic neuroma?

An acoustic neuroma is a noncancerous growth that develops on the nerve responsible for hearing and balance. It forms slowly and often goes unnoticed at first. Over time, the tumor can press on nearby nerves, potentially affecting hearing, balance, and facial movement.

Although it is not cancer, it can still cause serious symptoms if it grows large enough.

In many cases, the exact cause is unknown. However, certain factors may increase risk:

• Exposure to radiation involving the head or neck
• A genetic condition called neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), which can run in families

Symptoms

Acoustic neuroma symptoms usually appear gradually and may be easy to overlook early on. They often affect only one side of the body.

Common symptoms include:

• Hearing loss in one ear
• Ringing or buzzing in the ear
• A feeling of fullness in the ear
• Trouble with balance or steady walking
• Dizziness or lightheadedness

Less common symptoms:

• Facial numbness or weakness
• Headaches
• Changes in coordination or thinking (in advanced cases)

How is it diagnosed?

Your provider will begin with a review of your symptoms and a physical exam. Because early signs can mimic other ear conditions, testing is important.

Diagnosis may include:

• Hearing tests to check for changes in hearing ability
• Imaging, most often an MRI, to detect and measure the tumor
• CT scans in some situations for additional detail

These tools help confirm the diagnosis and guide next steps.

How is it treated?

Treatment depends on the size of the tumor, your symptoms, and your overall health. In some cases, immediate treatment may not be necessary.

Common treatment approaches include:

• Observation: Small tumors that are not causing symptoms may simply be monitored with regular imaging
• Radiation therapy: Focused radiation can help stop or slow tumor growth
• Surgery: Larger or growing tumors may need to be removed

Each option has potential risks and benefits. For example, surgery may affect hearing or facial nerves, while radiation focuses on controlling growth rather than removing the tumor.

Recovery varies from person to person. Many patients need ongoing follow-up care to monitor for changes.