At a Glance

Q: What are the warning signs of atrial fibrillation?
A: AFib can cause irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, or fatigue — but some people have no symptoms. Learn why early detection matters.

• AFib is an irregular heart rhythm.
• Risk rises after age 60, especially in women.
• Positive lifestyle habits can help prevent AFib.

Atrial fibrillation, commonly known as AFib, is a heart disorder causing an irregular heart rhythm. Symptoms can include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, unusual fatigue, chest discomfort, or dizzy spells.

However, many people who have AFib may show no symptoms, and, in fact, up to one-third of women with this condition don’t feel anything. For those patients, says Dr. Sameh Khouzam, MD, a cardiac arrhythmia specialist, sometimes the first presentation of AFib can be a stroke or heart failure. 

In women, the risk increases after age 60 and continues to increase between the ages of 65 and 85. AFib can be detected at regular doctor visits, during heart screenings, and with wearable devices like smart watches. Consistent check-ups are extremely important, especially after 60.

Dr. Khouzam emphasizes that the condition itself is not life-threatening. However, it can lead to stroke or congestive heart failure, so it’s extremely important to get treatment.

Treatment of AFib

“Treatment of atrial fibrillation is based upon symptoms,” Dr. Khouzam says. “In the treatment approach, we consider if the patient has lifestyle-limiting symptoms.” Treatments fall into three categories:

• Lifestyle changes
• Medications
• Ablation (surgery) 

Lifestyle changes include incorporating regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, limiting alcohol intake, and controlling diabetes and blood pressure. AFib is also associated with obesity and sleep apnea, so weight management is important. These lifestyle behaviors are important for the prevention and successful treatment of AFib.

A family doctor or heart specialist can recommend blood thinners, rate control, or rhythm control medicines. Studies have shown that early rhythm control can reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Because of this, Dr. Khouzam says performing catheter ablation early is potentially beneficial in reducing AFib recurrence and progression. 

Living with AFib

According to the National Stroke Association, 60-80% of strokes in those with AFib can be prevented. Because strokes can be fatal or life-altering, managing AFib and making an extra effort to stay healthy are extremely important.

Part of managing AFib can be recognizing and avoiding triggers. Triggers will vary by individual, but some of the most common ones include hormonal fluctuations in women, over-the-counter medicines, dehydration, and alcohol.